How to Architecture Open-ended Problem-solvers? Student Reflections on Scaffolding Experiences in an Open-ended Problem-solving Bioengineering Course Sequence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Through reflection, learning experiences that students most-frequently valued during open-ended, scaffolded problem solving in a bioengineering two-course sequence were identified in this study. Reflective knowledge of this type can inform instructors in orchestrating experiences to scaffold problem solving of this kind and were useful in directly demonstrating students’ development in problem solving. Reflection is necessary for learning and is an important aspect of scaffolding. The literature has made recent calls for the additional use and study of reflection and scaffolding within STEM. This paper is intended to respond to these calls by focusing on students’ reflections about the experiences they most-frequently valued during scaffolded work. Students reflected at multiple points about their scaffolded, problem-solving experiences. These reflections were systematically content-analyzed for the experiences valued by students for their learning and development. These valued experiences can be the focus of instructional and scaffolding efforts for open-ended problem-solving in similar courses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".