Transition Period of the Dairy Cow Revisited: II. Homeorhetic Stimulus and Ketosis With Implication for Fertility
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dairy cows have been selected during the last century primarily for milk production, which has been increased by a factor 3-5 per lactation during this period without a concomitantly adequate increase of dry matter intake (DMI). This discrepancy between input and output is caused by a negative or minutely positive genetic correlation between milk yield and DMI and leads, in high-producing dairy cows in early lactation, to a severe and long-lasting negative energy balance (NEB) with distinct hormonal and metabolic alterations. Milk production during this period is regulated by homeorhesis with high priority for this trait, which is relatively uncoupled from DMI, and hence with possible restrictions of other functions. The extent and duration of the current NEB is a health risk and is probably one of the reasons for genetic correlations between milk yield and disease. The gap between input and output is closed by the mobilization of reserves characterized by a rapid increase of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) above the acute requirement, in turn leading to ectopic fat disposition in the liver and other organs. Therefore, fat liver and ketosis occur during early lactation within a phase of the priority of the homeorhetic (genetic) regulation of milk production at insufficient DMI. Ketosis is correlated with an impairment of fertility. The correlation between an early cause (ketosis) and a later effect (impaired fertility) cannot be explained satisfactorily, but possible epigenetic alterations look promising for future research. The revealed connection between homeorhesis, fat liver and ketosis, and the impairment of fertility provides an approach for discussions of these topics as a complex. The convergence between these issues should furthermore be extended to other production diseases. Since the genetic background of this interaction must not be neglected, the current breeding system should include further health traits with a predominant emphasis on parameters of metabolism and energy balance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".