An Intermittent Frequency Synthesizer With Accurate Frequency Detection for Fast Duty-Cycled Receivers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An intermittent frequency synthesizer for fast duty-cycled receivers is presented in this paper. Different from state-of-art techniques which try to eliminate the initial phase error that degrades the intermittent frequency detection, a new frequency detector is proposed to maintain an accurate frequency detection regardless of the initial phase error. Moreover, an averaged fraction division scheme (AFDS) is integrated in the synthesizer to improve the frequency resolution. The frequency synthesizer is implemented and verified by using discrete devices and an FPGA. The measurement results show that the frequency detector provides a frequency detection accuracy of 0.88%, and the synthesizer achieves a frequency resolution of 0.625 MHz when controlled by a duty-cycled signal with a 6-$\mu \text{s}$period and a 2-$\mu \text{s}$time duration. The frequency synthesizer can perform an intermittent frequency hopping from 160MHz to 140MHz while requiring a period of$430~\mu \text{s}$without disturbing the VCO’s oscillation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".