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Record W3006954150

EFEKTIVITAS PERATURAN MENTERI PERHUBUNGAN NOMOR 77 TAHUN 2011 TENTANG TANGGUNGJAWAB PENGANGKUT ANGKUTAN UDARA BERDASARKAN PERSPEKTIF PENUMPANG

2015· article· id· W3006954150 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Mohd. Ali Pontas, S.H. Sulistiowati

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typearticle
Languageid
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicInternational Law and Aviation
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPhysics
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Intisari Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 77 tahun 2011 tentang Tanggungjawab Pengangkut Angkutan Udara mengatur ketentuan tentang besaran ganti kerugian yang ditanggung pihak pengangkut, apabila kesalahan atau kelalaian berada pada pihak pengangkut. Ganti kerugian yang diberikan kepada penumpang dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran, pengetahuan, kepedulian, serta kemandirian penumpang angkutan udara untuk melindungi dirinya, serta mengembangkan sikap dan perilaku usaha yang bertanggungjawab atas sedikit kesalahan yang sebenarnya tidak diinginkan untuk terjadi. Dalam praktek, pengangkut sering tidak memenuhi kewajibannya secara baik dan benar atau dapat dikatakan telah melakukan wanprestasi, yang mengindikasikan bahwa penerapan peraturan belum berjalan efektif, sehingga perlu dibuat peraturan yang lebih efektif, agar penumpang memperoleh kepastian hukum. Ada 3 (tiga) permasalahan dalam penelitian ini: Pertama bagaimana implementasi peraturan menurut perspektif penumpang. Kedua mengapa peraturan tidak efektif. ketiga adalah bagaimana peraturan yang ideal guna menjamin implementasi tanggungjawab pengangkut angkutan udara di Indonesia. Penelitian tentang penerapan dan pelaksanaan peraturan Menteri Perhubungan nomor 77 tahun 2011, dilakukan melalui pendekatan yuridis sosiologis. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan metode penelitian normatif-empiris, untuk memperoleh data primer melalui wawancara dan study kasus serta mengkaji aturan perundang-undangan dan bahan hukum yang berkaitan dengan tesis. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa implementasi Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan No: 77/2011, sudah diterapkan dan dijalankan oleh sebagian besar perusahaan penerbangan sebagai wujud iktikad baik, meskipun masih sering terjadi perusahaan penerbangan tidak menjalankan kewajibannya secara baik dan konsisten. Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 77/tahun 2011 tidak efektif karena belum dibuatnya peraturan tentang persyaratan Perusahaan Asuransi, Konsorsium Asuransi, dan Pialang Asuransi yang seharusnya melaksanakan tanggung jawab. Terkait keterlambatan penerbangan Peraturan Menteri tersebut tidak efektif karena hanya 8 dari 173 bandar udara di Indonesia yang menyampaikan Catatan Kapasitas Bandar Udara /NAC, sehingga Indonesia Slot Coordinator/IDSC mengalami kesulitan dalam pengaturan slot time yang tepat, dan berujung pada rendahnya tingkat ketepatan waktu keberangkatan/OTP dari hampir seluruh perusahaan penerbangan berjadwal dalam negeri. Sanksi yang ditetapkan dalam Peraturan terlalu berat, sehingga sangat sulit untuk diterapkan dan kurang efektif, sehingga perlu dibuat aturan dengan sanksi yang lebih ringan dan jika sanksi tidak diubah, maka Direktur Jenderal Perhubungan Udara wajib melakukan pengawasan yang ketat dan menerapkan sanksi secara tegas baik berupa sanksi pembekukan izin dan/atau pencabutan izin Angkutan Udara. Peraturan hukum yang ideal guna menjamin implementasi tanggung jawab pengangkut angkutan udara di Indonesia harus tunduk pada azas-azas pembentukan peraturan perundangundangan di Indonesia, mengadopsi sebagian dari ketentuan-ketentuan internasional tentang tanggung jawab pengangkut angkutan udara seperti konvensi Montreal, meskipun tentang besaran ganti rugi atau kompensasi, tetap wajib memperhitungkan kemampuan perusahaan penerbangan Indonesia, disertai dengan pengawasan dan penegakan hukum yang tegas tanpa pandang bulu, guna menjamin kepastian hukum. Abstrack The regulation of the Minister of Transportation, Ministry Decree No. 77/2011 on Air Transport Carrier Responsibility regulate provisions on the amount of compensation is borne by the carrier, if the error or negligence is on the part of the carrier. Compensation provided to passengers is intended to increase awareness, knowledge and self-reliance air passengers to protect themselves, as well as efforts to develop attitudes and behaviors responsible for the little mistakes that are not desirable to happen. In practice, carriers often do not meet its obligations properly or can be said to have done the default, which indicates that the application of regulatory effectiveness is not running, so it needs to be made more effective regulation, so that passengers obtain legal certainty. There are three (3) issues examine in this study: Firstly how the implementation of the regulations under the passenger's perspective. The second reason for the rule is not effective, the third is how the ideal regulatory responsibilities to ensure implementation of air freight carrier in Indonesia Research on the application and implementation of the Regulation of Transportation Ministry Decree number 77/2011 , carried out through sociological juridical approach. This study also uses empirical-normative research methods, to obtain primary data through interviews and case studies as well as reviewing the rules of law and legal materials related to the thesis. The study concluded that the implementation of the Regulation of the Minister of Transportation, Ministry Decree No: 77/2011, has been applied and is run by most airlines as a form of good faith, although it still often happens airlines do not perform their duties properly and consistently.Regulation is not effective because it has not made the rules on insurance company requirements, the Consortium of Insurance , and Insurance Broker who should carry out the responsibilities. Regulation related flight delays is not effective because only 8 of 173 airports in Indonesia that deliver Airport Capacity Notes / NAC, so that Indonesia Slot Coordinator / IDSC had difficulty in setting the appropriate time slots, and resulted in a low level of punctuality of departure / OTP from virtually all domestic scheduled airline. The sanctions set forth in Rule too heavy, so it is very difficult to implement and less effective, so the rules need to be made with lighter sanctions and, if sanctions are not changed, then the Director General of Civil Aviation must perform strict supervision and are required to apply the sanctions explicitly, either freeze permit sanctions and/or revocation of the Air Transport license.The ideal legal regulations in order to ensure the implementation of the responsibility of air freight carrier in Indonesia should be subject to the principles of the establishment of laws and regulations in Indonesia, adopted most of the provisions concerning the responsibility of international air freight carrier as the Montreal convention, although on the amount of compensation, remain obliged to take into the account ability Indonesian airlines, along with supervision and strict law enforcement indiscriminately, in order to ensure legal certainty.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.027
Threshold uncertainty score0.091

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0270.004

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.036
GPT teacher head0.300
Teacher spread0.264 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Published2015
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