Assessment and treatment of sleep problems in bipolar disorder—A guide for psychologists and clinically focused review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sleep problems are highly prevalent in bipolar disorder (BD) and constitute an important therapeutic focus in this population: They are highly impairing and distressing, are an area of subjective importance to consumers, and likely play a role in predicting/triggering mood episodes. The aim of this review is to orient psychologists and psychotherapists to current research relevant to their clinical practice with people with BD, including (a) the prevalence and presentation of sleep problems, (b) the impacts and correlates of impaired sleep, and (c) the relationship between sleep problems and mood symptoms (including the predictive/triggering role of sleep in BD mood relapses). Detailed recommendations for assessment and cognitive-behavioural intervention strategies for use in BD are described. It will be concluded that although some sleep problems and comorbidities require interdisciplinary collaboration, a range of evidence-informed strategies can be effectively and appropriately applied by clinical psychologists and psychotherapists.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".