Taxonomía y hábito alimentario de ejemplares de Mammuthus columbi (Proboscidea: Elephantidae) del centro y sur de México
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Paleontological work carried out during the past years in the late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) localities of Hidalgo, Puebla and Oaxaca states allowed the recovery of an important sample of proboscidean specimens, which consists of skull fragments, teeth, and several postcranial bones, collected from fluviolacustrine sediments.This material was identified as Mammuthus columbi.Based on tooth position and the estimated age in African elephant years, the sample studied represents 15 or 16 individuals; seven or eight from Oaxaca, and at least four from each locality of Puebla and Hidalgo.The best-represented age category is that of mature adults (≥ 30 years), followed by adolescents (3 to 17 years).Lamellar frequency (≤ 5) and enamel width (≥ 2.4 mm) indicate the presence of at least one adult male sexually mature in each of the Mexican states from where the specimens were recovered.On the other hand, the microwear analysis of some of the individuals studied showed a higher number of scratches compared to the pits and a high frequency of wide scratches.This microwear pattern is indicative of a mixed-feeding dietary habit with a high proportion of abrasive resources intake.Indirectly, the mixed-feeder condition of these M. columbi individuals indicates the presence of open areas, probably covered with grasses, bushes and herbs and closed-vegetation areas (with trees), in what now is the southeastern portion of Hidalgo, the Valsequillo basin in Puebla and the Mixteca Alta in Oaxaca during the late Pleistocene.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".