Photographic Work Exhibited in 'Counterpoints Photography, Through the Lens of Toronto Collections', Art Museum, University of Toronto Art Centre, Canada, (May 6–July 30, 2016) curated by Jessica Bradley
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Billingham had early photographic work exhibited in 'Counterpoints Photography, Through the Lens of Toronto Collections', Art Museum, University of Toronto Art Centre, Canada, (May 6–July 30, 2016) curated by Jessica Bradley'Counterpoints' was a major exhibition that revealed the breadth and depth of interest in photography in Toronto. The exhibition evolved through the generosity of committed collectors who granted the loan of their works, allowing them to be seen by the public – many for the first time in Toronto. Highlighting a broad spectrum of private collections, Counterpoints proposed an experience of looking at photography that is ultimately heterogeneous and non-linear. Spanning nearly two centuries, the exhibition comprised 19th century singular images captured on metal and glass plates, through to artists’ works that acknowledge photography’s endlessly reproducible, ubiquitous presence in a vast and ephemeral digital world. Besides Billingham, other artists were Iain Baxter&, Bernd and Hilla Becher, E.J. Bellocq, Rebecca Belmore, Bill Brandt, Brassaï, Robert Burley, Edward Burtynsky, Harry Callahan, Sarah Charlesworth, Lynne Cohen, Anne Collier, Scott Conarroe, Philip-Lorca diCorcia, Rineke Dijkstra, A.K. Dolven, Stan Douglas, William Eggleston, Andreas Feininger, LaToya Ruby Frazier, Lee Friedlander, Jim Goldberg, Nan Goldin, Douglas Gordon, Rodney Graham, Angela Grauerholz, Andreas Gursky, Dave Heath, Fred Herzog, Lewis Wickes Hine, Candida Höfer, Kristan Horton, Spring Hurlbut, Geoffrey James, Rashid Johnson, Sarah Anne Johnson, Seydou Keïta, André Kertész, Owen Kydd, Marie-Jo Lafontaine, Suzy Lake, Dorothea Lange, Tim Lee, Zun Lee, Vera Lutter, Peter MacCallum, Arnaud Maggs, Vivian Maier, Iñigo Manglano-Ovalle, Daniel Steegmann Mangrané, Scott McFarland, Meryl McMaster, Michael Mitchell, Lisette Model, Tracey Moffatt, Jonathan Monk, Nicholas Nixon, Gordon Parks, Barbara Probst, Thomas Ruff, Ed Ruscha, Mark Ruwedel, Steven Shearer, Cindy Sherman, Laurie Simmons, Meera Margaret Singh, Noah Smith, Michael Snow, Alec Soth, Thomas Struth, Hiroshi Sugimoto, Althea Thauberger, James Van Der Zee, Stephen Waddell, Jeff Wall, Ian Wallace, Weegee, James Welling, Christopher Williams, Garry Winogrand, Young & Giroux, Akram Zaatari. Featured Collections were Carol and David Appel, Art Gallery of Ontario, The Bailey Collection, Fred W. Budnik, Debra and Barry Campbell, Shelli Cassidy-McIntosh and Mike McIntosh, Beverly and Jack Creed, Sarah Dinnick and Colin Webster, David and Yvonne Fleck, Kate and Steve Foley, Hart House Collection, Ydessa Hendeles, Phil Lind, Brenda Hebert and Brent Lisowski, Ann and Harry Malcolmson, Dr. Paul Marks, Liza Mauer and Andrew Sheiner, Nancy McCain and Bill Morneau, Pamela Meredith and Jamie McDonald, Michael Mitchell, Robert Mitchell and York Lethbridge, Dr. Kenneth Montague | The Wedge Collection, National Gallery of Canada, Elisa Nuyten and David Dime, Marwan H. Osseiran, Julia and Gilles Ouellette, Carol and Morton Rapp, Laura Rapp and Jay Smith, Peter Ross, Alison and Alan Schwartz, Gerald Sheff and Shanitha Kachan, Gluskin Sheff + Associates Inc., Sandra Simpson, Carole and Howard Tanenbaum, Timothy Thompson, University of Toronto Collection, The Shlesinger-Walbohm Family, Ann and Marshall Webb, Steven Wilson and Michael Simmonds, and other private collections
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it