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Record W3007728820 · doi:10.20868/upm.thesis.54504

Contribution to the millimeter-wave propagation characterization for satellite and 5G wireless links

2019· dissertation· en· W3007728820 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Domingo Pimienta del Valle

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typedissertation
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicSatellite Communication Systems
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsExtremely high frequencySatelliteWirelessCharacterization (materials science)MillimeterTelecommunicationsComputer scienceRemote sensingPhysicsGeographyAstrophysicsAstronomyOptics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

La futura saturación del espectro en la banda de SHF en los sistemas satelitales y la creciente demanda de altas velocidades en la transmisión de datos en sistemas de comunicaciones inalámbricos han conducido a considerar las frecuencias milimétricas (de 10 a 300 GHz) para nuevas aplicaciones tanto para sistemas satelitales como para terrestres. El objetivo de esta investigación es contribuir en la caracterización y el modelado del canal de propagación a frecuencias milimétricas —específicamente en la banda Ka y Q/V para enlaces satelitales y a frecuencias que serán utilizadas en los futuros sistemas 5G (26 y 39 GHz) en enlaces inalámbricos en interiores— mediante la medición, procesado y análisis de datos de canales experimentales de propagación. Este objetivo es pertinente ya que el canal de propagación para dichos sistemas no ha sido caracterizado por completo. En el análisis de la propagación satelital se utilizan medidas con una gran disponibilidad: 5 años de la baliza del satélite KA-SAT en la banda Ka y 4 años de la baliza del satélite Alphasat en la banda Q, junto con información meteorológica adicional. Las contribuciones más relevantes se han obtenido en el modelado de la dinámica de los desvanecimientos –duración de desvanecimientos (FD) y duración entre desvanecimientos (IFD)−, las técnicas de diversidad por tiempo (TD) y órbita (OD) y en la variabilidad de ciertos estadísticos, temas que no han sido tratados a profundidad en trabajos previos. Del análisis de FD y IFD, la función que utiliza dos términos lognormales es la mejor para modelar las distribuciones de probabilidad de ocurrencia y la fracción del tiempo para FD. Esta función puede ser utilizada también para duraciones de IFD menores que 106 s (para duraciones mayores, se necesita utilizar una tercera función). Las posibles ganancias de TD han sido estimadas y comparadas con cuatro modelos (Matricciani TD, ONERA, Greece y Joint Probability), obteniendo buenos resultados. Los de OD fueron derivados luego de un escalado en frecuencia, además se evaluaron dos modelos (Matricciani OD y NTUA). Se obtuvo que la ganancia de TD en la banda Q con un retardo de 3 a 5 minutos puede emular la ganancia que se obtendría con OD con la separación angular dada (18.1°), permitiendo una utilización complementaria entre estas técnicas. Se han tratado a profundidad el montaje y calibrado del equipamiento experimental utilizado en las medidas de ondas milimétricas en interiores y su procesado. Se tomaron dos tipos de medidas en interiores: medidas de pérdidas de propagación y MIMO, ambas en condiciones LOS y NLOS. Las medidas de pérdidas fueron realizadas en un pasillo con dos configuraciones de antenas: bocinas y omnidireccional. Los resultados fueron ajustados con varias funciones, comparando los coeficientes obtenidos con modelos desarrollados específicamente para estas frecuencias (METIS, 3GPP TR 38.901, 5GCM, mmMAGIC y ITU-R Rec. P.1238-9), observando similitudes en algunos casos. Los resultados muestran el esperado efecto de propagación de guiado en condiciones LOS y unas pérdidas mayores en NLOS que en el espacio libre. Las medidas MIMO fueron obtenidas a 39 GHz utilizando una configuración 2×2 de antenas omnidireccionales, y la capacidad del canal ha sido evaluada mediante el número de condición de las matrices de canal. ----------ABSTRACT---------- The future spectral saturation in the SHF band in satellite systems, together with the crowding of the currently used bands and the increasing demand of high-speed data transfer in wireless communication systems have led to consider millimeter-wave frequencies (from 10 to 300 GHz) for allocating new applications both for satellite and terrestrial systems. The objective of this research is to contribute in the characterization and modeling of the millimeter-wave propagation channel —specifically for satellite links in the Ka and Q/V bands and in indoor wireless links at frequencies (26 and 39 GHz) that will be used in the future 5G systems— by collecting, processing and analyzing experimental propagation channel data. This objective is convenient since the channel propagation for these systems has not been fully characterized. For satellite propagation analyzes, data with a high availability have been used: 5 years of measurements of the KA-SAT satellite beacon in the Ka-band and 4 years of measurements of the Alphasat satellite Q-band beacon, together with ancillary meteorological information. Relevant contributions have been obtained regarding fade dynamics −fade (FD) and inter-fade (IFD) duration−, diversity techniques −time (TD) and orbital (OD) diversity− and the variability of statistics (rainfall rate, excess attenuation and fade dynamics), issues that have not been thoroughly treated in previous works. Regarding FD and IFD, a modeling effort has been carried out with several function combinations. The two log-normal function is the best option to model the FD probability of occurrence and fraction of time distributions. Also, it was concluded that this function can be used for fitting the IFD probability of occurrence and inter-fading time distributions for durations shorter than 106 s (for higher durations, a third function must be used). The possible TD gains have been derived and compared with four models (Matricciani TD, ONERA, Greece and Joint Probability). From that, comparably good results have been obtained. The OD results were derived after a frequency scaling procedure and two models (Matricciani OD and NTUA) have been tested. It was found that in the Q-band TD gain with a delay ranging from 3 to 5 minutes may emulate the OD gain with the available angular separation (18.1°), allowing a complementary use between these techniques. The millimeter-wave indoor experimental equipment was set up and calibrated. This and the data processing of the measurements have been treated thoroughly. Two kinds of measurements were gathered: path loss and MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), both at line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions. Path loss measurements were taken in a corridor scenario with two sets of antennas: horns and omnidirectional. These results were fitted with several functions, and the obtained coefficients compared with models specifically developed for millimeter-wave (such as the METIS, the 3GPP TR 38.901, the 5GCM, the mmMAGIC and the ITU-R Rec. P.1238-9), showing similarities in some cases. The expected waveguide-like propagation effect for LOS condition and a higher path loss in NLOS than in free space have been obtained. MIMO measurements have been gathered at 39 GHz with a 2×2 omnidirectional antennas setup, and the channel capacity has been tested using the condition number of the channel matrices.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.564
Threshold uncertainty score0.926

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0010.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.020
GPT teacher head0.243
Teacher spread0.223 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations1
Published2019
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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