Growth Kinetics and Characterization of Chromia Scales Formed on Ni–30Cr Alloy in Impure Argon at 700 °C
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The oxidation of a Ni–30Cr alloy at 700 °C in impure argon was studied in order to provide new elements of understanding on chromia scale growth in low oxygen partial pressure atmosphere (10 −5 atm). Oxidation tests were carried out during 30 min to 50 h in a thermogravimetric analysis system using a symmetrical balance with in situ monitoring of the oxygen partial pressure. The oxidation kinetics were determined as parabolic with an estimated stationary parabolic constant value of 10 −15 cm 2 s −1 , after a transient stage of about 3 h. The oxide scale was identified as a pure chromia layer by TEM and XPS characterisations. After 50 h at 700 °C, the scale thickness estimated by TEM cross section observation was about 100 nm. A slightly thicker and more porous oxide scale was observed above the alloy’s grain boundaries. The metal/oxide interface also exhibited a deeper recession towards the substrate above the alloy’s grain boundaries. The orientation of chromia grains was determined by TKD (transmission Kikuchi diffraction). A strong preference was noted for the orientation perpendicular to the surface, along the < 0001 > direction of the corundum structure. Finally, the type of semiconduction was determined for the scales formed after 7 h and 50 h of oxidation. For the shorter oxidation time, the chromia scale exhibited an n -type semiconduction, whereas for the longer exposure, both n -type and insulating semiconduction were identified.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".