Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract At least 20 impact basins with diameters ranging from 1000 to 3380 km have been identified on Mars, with five exceeding 2500 km. The coincidental timing of the end of the sequence of impacts and the disappearance of the global magnetic field has led to investigations of impact heating crippling an early core dynamo. The rate of core cooling (and thus dynamo activity) is limited by that of the overlying mantle. Thus, the pre-existing thermal state of the mantle controls the extent to which a sequence of impacts may affect dynamo activity. Here, we examine the effects of the initial thermal structure of the core and mantle, and the location of an impact with respect to the pre-existing convective structure on the mantle dynamics and surface heat flux. We find that the impacts that formed the five largest basins dominate the impact-driven effects on mantle dynamics. A single impact of this size can alter the entire flow field of the mantle. Such an impact promotes the formation of an upwelling beneath the impact site, resulting in long-lived single-plume convection. The interval between the largest impacts is shorter than the initial recovery time for a single impact. Hence, the change in convective pattern due to each impact sets up a long term change in the global heat flow. These long-term changes are cumulative, and multiple impacts have a synergistic effect.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".