Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article proposes a theoretical model that contextualizes areas of contention and may even offer a resolution to a major debate in the Muslim world and the Western academy on the relation between Islam, secularism and the nation-state. Drawing on the works of scholars such as Ibn Khaldun, Kropotkin, Weber, Clastres, Barclay, Deleuze and Guattari, Crone and Foucault, this article theorizes an alternative organizational system to that of State-form. This organization, called Tribe-form, is politically comprehensive in its own accord and contains political rule, conceptions of power and social orders. Tribe-form and State-form are, therefore, names ascribed to two different modes of political governance. This article then explores the striking resonances between the Islamic political canon and Tribe-form and consequently problematizes the existence of something called “state” in the early Muslim political experience. This assertion rejects the secularist position on that Islam is silent on the on the question of politics, yet it radically questions superimposing a medieval political organization based on the model of Tribe onto the modern nation-state. In short, this article affirms the political qualities of sharia, yet it challenges the suitability of sharia to operate effectively as a basis for modern state governance.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.025 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".