SD-FAST: A Packet Rerouting Architecture in SDN
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Communication link failure is common in any network. In Software Defined Network (SDN), protection-based recovery scheme reduces the failure recovery delay by installing alternative routes at the data plane switches. We can deploy Fast Failure Group (FFG) of OpenFlow protocol if a switch has an alternative path towards the destination; otherwise, the switch can use crankback approach to send the affected traffic towards the traversed route to find an alternative path. These existing recovery schemes force every packet to traverse a chain of matching tables even in the absence of a link failure, which impacts packet processing time and end-to-end delay. In this paper, we propose a packet rerouting architecture, called SD-FAST, that invokes recovery scheme only after facing failure and reduces both the packet processing and crankback backtracking time. We evaluate SD-FAST in Mininet, considering real and simulated traffic on real network topologies. The evaluation results confirm that SD-FAST can reduce around 73% crankback backtracking time and 64% delay compared to its counterparts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".