Angiotensin-[1–7] attenuates kidney injury in experimental Alport syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Angiotensin-[1–7] (Ang-[1–7]) antagonize the actions of the renin-angiotensin-system via the Mas receptor and thereby exert renoprotective effects. Murine recombinant angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2 was reported to show renoprotective effects in an experimental Alport syndrome model; however, the protective effect of direct administration of Ang-[1–7] is unknown. Here, we used Col4a3 −/− mice as a model of Alport syndrome, which were treated with saline or Ang- [1–7]; saline-treated wild-type mice were used as a control group. The mice were continuously infused with saline or Ang-[1–7] (25 μg/kg/h) using osmotic mini-pumps. Col4a3 −/− mice showed increased α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), collagen, and fibronectin expression levels, which were attenuated by Ang-[1–7] treatment. Moreover, Ang-[1–7] alleviated activation of transforming growth factor-β/Smad signaling, and attenuated the protein expression of ED-1 and heme oxygenase-1, indicating reduction of renal inflammation. Ang-[1–7] treatment further reduced the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules and attenuated apoptosis in human kidney cells. Finally, Ang-[1–7] downregulated TNF-α converting enzyme and upregulated ACE2 expression. Thus, treatment with Ang-[1–7] altered the ACE2-Ang-[1–7]-Mas receptor axis in the kidneys of Col4a3 −/− mice to attenuate the nephropathy progression of Alport syndrome.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".