A retrospective analysis to determine if exercise training‐induced thermoregulatory adaptations are mediated by increased fitness or heat acclimation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
New Findings What is the central question of this study? Are fitness‐related improvements in thermoregulatory responses during uncompensable heat stress mediated by aerobic capacity or is it the partial heat acclimation associated with training? What is the main finding and its importance? During uncompensable heat stress, individuals with high and low displayed similar sweating and core temperature responses whereas exercise training in previously untrained individuals resulted in a greater sweat rate and a smaller rise in core temperature. These observations suggest that it is training, not per se , that mediates thermoregulatory improvements during uncompensable heat stress. Abstract It remains unclear whether aerobic fitness, as defined by the maximum rate of oxygen consumption , independently improves heat dissipation in uncompensable environments, or whether the thermoregulatory adaptations associated with heat acclimation are due to repeated bouts of exercise‐induced heat stress during regular aerobic training. The present analysis sought to determine if independently influences thermoregulatory sweating, maximum skin wettedness (ω max ) and the change in rectal temperature (Δ T re ) during 60 min of exercise in an uncompensable environment (37.0 ± 0.8°C, 4.0 ± 0.2 kPa, 64 ± 3% relative humidity) at a fixed rate of heat production per unit mass (6 W kg −1 ). Retrospective analyses were performed on 22 participants (3 groups), aerobically unfit (UF; n = 7; : 41.7 ± 9.4 ml kg −1 min −1 ), aerobically fit (F; n = 7; : 55.6 ± 4.3 ml kg −1 min −1 ; P < 0.01) and aerobically unfit ( n = 8) individuals, before (pre; : 45.8 ± 11.6 ml kg −1 min −1 ) and after (post; : 52.0 ± 11.1 ml kg −1 min −1 ; P < 0.001) an 8‐week training intervention. ω max was similar between UF (0.74 ± 0.09) and F (0.78 ± 0.08, P = 0.22). However, ω max was greater post‐ (0.84 ± 0.08) compared to pre‐ (0.72 ± 0.06, P = 0.02) training. During exercise, mean local sweat rate (forearm and upper‐back) was greater post‐ (1.24 ± 0.20 mg cm −2 min −1 ) compared to pre‐ (1.04 ± 0.25 mg cm −2 min −1 , P < 0.01) training, but similar between UF (0.94 ± 0.31 mg cm −2 min −1 , P = 0.90) and F (1.02 ± 0.30 mg cm −2 min −1 ). The Δ T re at 60 min of exercise was greater pre‐ (1.13 ± 0.16°C, P < 0.01) compared to post‐ (0.96 ± 0.14°C) training, but similar between UF (0.85 ± 0.29°C, P = 0.22) and F (0.95 ± 0.22°C). Taken together, aerobic training, not per se , confers an increased ω max , greater sweat rate, and smaller rise in core temperature during uncompensable heat stress in fit individuals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".