The influence of mantle internal heating on lithospheric mobility: implications for super-Earths
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Super-Earths, a recently discovered class of exoplanets, have been inferred to be of a similar rock and metal composition to the Earth. As a result, the possibility that they are characterised by the presence of plate tectonics has been widely debated. However, as the super-Earths have higher masses than Earth, it is assumed that they will also have higher Rayleigh numbers and non-dimensional heating rates. Accordingly, we conduct a systematic 2D study to investigate the influence of these parameters on the surface behaviour of mantle convection. The main focus of our work considers the response of surface motion to the mantle's internal heating. However, we also include an analysis of other parameters scaling with planet mass, such as viscosity. In agreement with the findings of Valencia and O'Connell (2009) and van Heck and Tackley (2011) we find plate-like surface mobilisation for increased Rayleigh numbers. But increasing the internal heating leads to the formation of a strong stagnant-lid because the mantle heating effects thermally activated viscosity. Additionally, viscosity is affected by the increased pressures and temperatures of super-Earths. In total, our findings indicate that surface mobility will likely be reduced on super-sized Earths. Our numerical models show that the interior temperature of the convecting system is of vital importance. In planets with a hotter interior plate tectonics is less likely.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".