Modeling of intermodal couplings in large-mode area Yb-doped double-cladding fibers applied in continuous-wave high power fiber lasers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nonlinear effects are well-known to limit the power scalability of continuous-wave (CW) high power fiber lasers (HPFL). In addition to nonlinear effects than act over the fundamental mode, intermodal nonlinear effects are currently drawing the interest of researchers. Specifically, intermodal nonlinear effects in CW-HPFLs such as degenerate intermodal four-wave mixing (IM-FWM) and stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)-induced intermodal wave-mixing (IM-WM) have been investigated recently; the former generates Stokes and idler at different modes, and the latter transfers power from the fundamental mode to the Raman shifted high-order modes. Here, we report a model that encompasses the aforementioned intermodal couplings in CW-HPFLs and simulate them. More specifically, a model based on multimode generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equations is developed and used to simulate the intermodal couplings in 25/400μm Yb-doped large-mode area fiber amplifiers. Based on the phase-matching condition of IM-FWM, the relation between degenerate IM-FWM frequency shift, modal group velocities, and modal group velocity dispersions is found and applied in the model. By using this model, degenerate IM-FWM and SRS-induced IM-WM, which are intermodal phenomena recently discussed in literatures of CW-HPFLs, are successfully simulated. In addition, a novel intermodal phenomenon is found and discussed, which is the high-order mode second-ordered Stokes resulting from the joint effect of degenerate IM-FWM and SRS-induced intermodal wave-mixing (IM-WM). To the best of our knowledge, this model is the first to include degenerate IM-FWM in the context of CW-HPFLs and reveal the joint effect of the aforementioned intermodal couplings. The result also gives insight of the conditions leading to intermodal couplings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".