The Association Between Environmental Factors and the Risk of Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children is increasing. Environmental factors related to industrialization, including increased levels of air pollution and reduced greenspace may be partially responsible. Methods: Health administrative data from Ontario were used to identify a cohort of children, and identify those diagnosed with IBD before the age of 18 years. Modelled exposures to air pollution (nitrogen dioxide, fine particulate matter, ozone, and oxidant capacity) and greenspace (through the normalized difference vegetation index) were obtained based on residential six-digit postal code. Results: Exposure to oxidant capacity during childhood and mid-pregnancy was associated with increased risk of IBD <18 years. No association for other pollutants was found. Residential greenspace during childhood was protective of paediatric-onset IBD, but no association with in-utero exposures was found. Conclusion: We observed significant relationships between environmental factors and paediatric-onset IBD. The novel finding of a protective effect of greenspace should be explored further.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".