← Back to cohort
Search for gravitational waves from Scorpius X-1 in the first Advanced LIGO observing run with a hidden Markov model
B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. B. Adams, T. Adams, P. Addesso, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Afrough, B. Agarwal, K. Agatsuma, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, B. Allen, A. Allocca, Husni Almoubayyed, A. Amato, A. Ananyeva, W. G. Anderson, S. Antier, S. Appert, K. Arai, N. Arnaud, S. Ascenzi, G. Ashton, M. Ast, P. Astone, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, K. AultONeal, A. Avila-Alvarez, S. Babak, P. Bacon, S. Bae, F. Baldaccini, G. Ballardin, S. Banagiri, D. Barker, F. Barone, B. Barr, M. Barsuglia, D. Barta, J. Bartlett, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, C. Baune, M. Bawaj, M. Bazzan, B. Bécsy, C. Beer, M. Bejger, I. Belahcene, G. Bergmann, D. Bersanetti, A. Bertolini, J. Betzwieser, S. Bhagwat, R. Bhandare, G. Billingsley, J. Birch, R. Birney, O. Birnholtz, Anjali Bisht, M. Bitossi, C. Biwer, Jonathan Blackman, S. Bloemen, O. Bock, N. Bode, M. Boër, G. Bogaert, A. Bohé, F. Bondu, R. Bonnand, R. Bork, V. Boschi, S. Bose, Y. Bouffanais, A. Bozzi, C. Bradaschia, M. Branchesi, T. Briant, A. Brillet, M. Brinkmann, V. Brisson, P. Brockill, S. Brunett, T. Bulik, A. Buonanno, D. Buskulic, C. Buy, M. Cabero, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, C. Cahillane, E. Calloni, M. Canepa, P. Cañizares, H. Cao, J. Cao, E. Capocasa, F. Carbognani, S. Caride, C. Casentini, S. Caudill, M. Cavaglià, F. Cavalier, R. Cavalieri, G. Cella, G. Cerretani, E. Cesarini, M. Chan, S. Chao, P. Charlton, E. Chassande‐Mottin, Deep Chatterjee, Yamei Chen, H.-P. Cheng, A. Chincarini, A. Chiummo, T. Chmiel, M. Cho, N. Christensen, Q. Chu, S. Chua, S. Chung, G. Ciani, R. Ciolfi, A. Cirone, F. Clara, F. Cleva, C. Cocchieri, E. Coccia, P.-F. Cohadon, A. Colla, M. Constancio, L. Conti, P. Corban, N. Cornish, A. Corsi, S. Cortese, J.‐P. Coulon, P. Couvares, R. Coyne, J. Cripe, A. Cumming, L. Cunningham, E. Cuoco, T. Dal Canton, S. D’Antonio, K. Danzmann, V. Dattilo, I. Dave, M. Davier, D. Davis, B. Day, D. DeBra, Ewa Deelman, J. Degallaix, M. De Laurentis, W. Del Pozzo, T. Denker, T. Dent, V. Dergachev, R. De Rosa, R. DeSalvo, J. Devenson, S. Dhurandhar, L. Di Fiore, M. Di Giovanni, T. Di Girolamo, A. Di Lieto, S. Di Pace, I. Di Palma, F. Di Renzo, Z. Doctor, V. Dolique, S. Doravari, I. Dorrington, R. Douglas, M. Drago, Zhihui Du, M. Ducrot, John S. Duncan, A. Effler, H.-B. Eggenstein, P. Ehrens, J. Eichholz, T. Etzel, M. Factourovich, V. Fafone, H. Fair, S. Fairhurst, X. Fan, S. Farinon, B. Farr, M. Favata, M. Fays, H. Fehrmann, J. Feicht, I. Ferrante, F. Ferrini, F. Fidecaro, I. Fiori, D. Fiorucci, R. Flaminio, M. Fletcher, J.‐D. Fournier, S. Frasca, F. Frasconi, Z. Frei, A. Freise, R. Frey, R. Frey, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, H. Gabbard, M. Gabel, L. Gammaitoni, F. Garufi, S. Gaudio, G. Gaur, V. Gayathri, N. Gehrels, G. Gemme, É. Genin, A. Gennai, D. George, J. George, L. Gergely, V. Germain, S. Ghonge, Abhirup Ghosh, Archisman Ghosh, S. Ghosh, A. Giazotto, K. Gill, L. Glover, E. Goetz, S. Gomes, G. González, A. Gopakumar, M. Gosselin, R. Gouaty, A. Grado, C. Graef, M. Granata, A. Grant, C. Gray, G. Greco, P. Groot, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, P. Grüning, X. Guo, Anchal Gupta, R. Gustafson, G. Hammond, M. Haney, J. Hanks, C. Hanna, J. Hanson, T. Hardwick, J. Harms, C.-J. Haster, K. Haughian, J. Healy, A. Heidmann, H. Heitmann, P. Hello, G. Hemming, M. Hendry, J. Hennig, J. Henry, S. Hild, D. Hoak, D. Hofman, K. Holt, P. Hopkins, C. Horst, J. Hough, H. N. Isa, D. Huet, B. Hughey, S. Husa, T. Huynh–Dinh, N. Indik, R. Inta, G. Intini, J.-M. Isac, M. Isi, Koichi Izumi, T. Jacqmin, K. Jani, P. Jaranowski, S. Jawahar, F. Jiménez-Forteza, R. W. L. Jones, L. Ju, J. Junker, V. Kalogera, S. Kandhasamy, G. Kang, S. Karki, M. Kasprzack, M. Katolik, W. Katzman, S. Kaufer, K. Kawabe, F. Kéfélian, D. Keitel, R. Kennedy, C. Kent, I. Khan, S. Khan, Z. Khan, N. Kijbunchoo, Chunglee Kim, W. Kim, Y.-M. Kim, R. Kirchhoff, L. Kleybolte, S. Klimenko, P. Koch, S. Koley, V. Kondrashov, M. Korobko, I. Kowalska, C. Krämer, V. Kringel, B. Krishnan, A. Królak, P. Kumar, S. Kumar, L. Kuo, A. Kutynia, S. Kwang, M. Landry, J. Lange, B. Lantz, A. Lartaux-Vollard, M. Laxen, A. Lazzarini, C. Lazzaro, P. Leaci, S. Leavey, H. K. Lee, J. Lehmann, A. Lenon, M. Leonardi, N. Leroy, N. Letendre, Y. Levin, A. P. Lundgren, Jian-Dong Liu, M. Lorenzini, V. Loriette, M. Lormand, G. Losurdo, Geoffrey Lovelace, D. Lumaca, Yue Ma, S. Macfoy, B. Machenschalk, F. Magaña‐Sandoval, E. Majorana, I. Maksimovic, N. Man, V. Mandic, V. Mangano, M. Mantovani, F. Marchesoni, F. Marion, Szabolcs Márka, Z. Márka, C. Markakis, E. Maros, F. Martelli, Lionel Martellini, A. Masserot, M. Masso‐Reid, S. Mastrogiovanni, A. Matas, L. Matone, Rajiv Mayani, N. Mazumder, R. McCarthy, S. McCormick, G. McIntyre, J. McIver, T. McRae, D. Meacher, J. Meidam, E. Mejuto-Villa, A. Melatos, G. Mendell, M. Merzougui, S. Meshkov, C. Messenger, C. Messick, R. Metzdorff, F. Mezzani, H. Miao, C. Michel, H. Middleton, L. Milano, A. L. Miller, M. Millhouse, O. Minazzoli, Y. Minenkov, J. Ming, C. Mishra, S. Mitra, G. Mitselmakher, A. Moggi, M. Mohan, M. Montani, D. Moraru, G. Moreno, B. Mours, G. Mueller, Arunava Mukherjee, D. Mukherjee, S. Mukherjee, N. Mukund, A. Mullavey, J. Münch, K. Napier, I. Nardecchia, L. Naticchioni, G. Nelemans, M. Néri, M. Nery, A. Neunzert, G. Newton, David A. Nichols, S. Nissanke, A. Nitz, A. Noack, F. Nocera, D. Nolting, J. Oberling, E. Ochsner, B. C. Pant, F. Ohme, M. Oliver, P. Oppermann, Richard J. Oram, B. O’Reilly, R. G. Ormiston, R. O’Shaughnessy, H. Overmier, James Muzerolle Page, A. Pai, O. Palashov, C. Palomba, A. Pal‐Singh, H. Pan, B. Pang, C. Pankow, F. Pannarale, F. Paoletti, A. Paoli, W. Parker, D. Pascucci, A. Pasqualetti, R. Passaquieti, D. Passuello, B. Patricelli, M. Pedraza, R. Pedurand, L. Pekowsky, A. Pele, S. Penn, A. Perreca, M. Phelps, M. Pichot, F. Piergiovanni, V. Pierro, G. Pillant, L. Pinard, M. Pitkin, R. Poggiani, P. Popolizio, A. Post, J. Powell, J. Prasad, V. Predoi, T. Prestegard, M. Prijatelj, M. Principe, S. Privitera, R. Prix, O. Puncken, M. Punturo, P. Puppo, M. Pürrer, H. Qi, J. Qin, S. Qiu, V. Quetschke, R. Quitzow-James, H. Radkins, P. Raffai, S. Raja, C. Rajan, M. Rakhmanov, P. Rapagnani, V. Raymond, M. Razzano, J. Read, T. Regimbau, L. Rei, S. Reid, H. Rew, Franco Ricci, S. Rieger, K. Riles, Maria L. Rizzo, R. Robie, F. Robinet, A. Rocchi, L. Rolland, R. Romano, D. Rosińska, S. Rowan, A. Rüdiger, P. Ruggi, K. Ryan, Mats Rynge, S. Sachdev, T. Sadecki, L. Sadeghian, Mairi Sakellariadou, L. Salconi, M. Saleem, F. Salemi, A. Samajdar, L. Sammut, V. Sandberg, B. Sandeen, B. Sassolas, O. Sauter, A. Sawadsky, P. Schale, Jacob Scheuer, E. E. Schmidt, P. Schmidt, R. Schnabel, A. Schönbeck, E. Schreiber, D. Schuette, J. Scott, E. Seidel, James A. Sellers, D. Sentenac, V. Sequino, A. Sergeev, Lijing Shao, B. Shapiro, P. Shawhan, A. Sheperd, K. Siellez, X. Siemens, M. Sieniawska, D. Sigg, A. Singer, Amitesh Singh, R. K. Singh, A. Singhal, Britton Smith, B. Sorazu, T. Souradeep, A. Staley, M. Steinke, S. Steinlechner, D. Steinmeyer, R. Stone, G. Stratta, R. Sturani, L. Sun, M. Tacca, D. Talukder, M. Tápai, A. Taracchini, R. Taylor, T. Theeg, M. Thomas, P. Thomas, E. Thrane, Shubhanshu Tiwari, V. Tiwari, K. Toland, M. Tonelli, Z. Tornasi, D. Töyrä, F. Travasso, G. Traylor, D. Trifirò, J. Trinastic, L. Trozzo, R. Tso, D. Tuyenbayev, K. Ueno, D. Ugolini, Karan Vahi, H. Vahlbruch, G. Vajente, G. Valdés, N. van Bakel, L. van der Schaaf, M. Vardaro, Vijay Varma, S. Vass, M. Vasúth, A. Vecchio, G. Vedovato, J. Veitch, K. Venkateswara, G. Venugopalan, D. Verkindt, F. Vetrano, A. Viceré, S. Vinciguerra, J.-Y. Vinet, T. Vo, H. Vocca, C. Vorvick, M. Wade, R. Walet, M. Walker, L. Wallace, S. Walsh, Gang Wang, H. Wang, M. Wang, Y.-F. Wang, Y. Wang, J. Warner, M. Was, J. Watchi, B. Weaver, L.-W. Wei, M. Weinert, L. Wen, P. Weßels, T. Westphal, K. Wette, C. Whittle, D. R. Williams, B. Willke, W. Winkler, H. Wittel, G. Woan, J. Woehler, J. Wofford, John R. Worden, M. Evans, Guanglei Wu, H. Yamamoto, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, M. Yvert, A. Zadrożny, M. Zanolin, T. Zelenova, J.-P. Zendri, M. Zevin, L. Zhang, M. Zhang, T. Zhang, Y.-H. Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhou, Z. Zhou, J. Zweizig, Sofia Suvorova, William Moran
Bibliographic record
VenueInstitutional Repository of Leibniz Universität Hannover (Leibniz Universität Hannover) · 2017
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEarth and Planetary Sciences
TopicGeophysics and Gravity Measurements
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersDivision of Human Resource DevelopmentICTP South American Institute for Fundamental ResearchIstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareInstitut des Origines de LyonMinistero dello Sviluppo EconomicoMinistry of Education, IndiaNational Research Foundation of KoreaMinisterio de Economía y CompetitividadCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research, IndiaCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueIndustry CanadaNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekGovern de les Illes BalearsEuropean CommissionAbdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical PhysicsScience and Technology Facilities CouncilNational Research FoundationNational Science FoundationScience and Engineering Research BoardScottish Universities Physics AllianceRussian Foundation for Basic ResearchLeverhulme TrustScottish Funding CouncilHungarian Scientific Research Fund
KeywordsLIGOGravitational wavePhysicsAstronomyAstrophysicsHidden Markov modelStatistical physicsComputer scienceArtificial intelligence
Abstract
Results are presented from a semicoherent search for continuous gravitational waves from the brightest low-mass X-ray binary, Scorpius X-1, using data collected during the first Advanced LIGO observing run. The search combines a frequency domain matched filter (Bessel-weighted F-statistic) with a hidden Markov model to track wandering of the neutron star spin frequency. No evidence of gravitational waves is found in the frequency range 60-650 Hz. Frequentist 95% confidence strain upper limits, h095%=4.0×10-25, 8.3×10-25, and 3.0×10-25 for electromagnetically restricted source orientation, unknown polarization, and circular polarization, respectively, are reported at 106 Hz. They are ≤10 times higher than the theoretical torque-balance limit at 106 Hz. © 2017 American Physical Society.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.236
Threshold uncertainty score1.000
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.027
GPT teacher head0.216
Teacher spread0.190 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations0
Published2017
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes