Yields of primary species in the low-linear energy transfer radiolysis of water in the temperature range of 25–700 °C
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Monte Carlo track chemistry simulations were used to calculate the time-dependent yields (G values) for the radical (eaq-, H˙, ˙OH) and molecular (H2, H2O2) "primary species" formed in the low-linear energy transfer (LET) radiolysis of deaerated, pure water (H2O) in the range of ∼1 ps to 1 ms between 25 and 700 °C, at 25 MPa pressure. Beyond the critical point, we used in the calculations the new supercritical water (SCW) radiolysis database of Liu et al., in particular their reported reaction rate constants. A striking conclusion of these simulations is the sharp increase in G(˙OH) and G(H2), and the corresponding decrease in G(H˙), which are observed above 200 °C, due to the oxidation of water by the H˙ atom (H˙ + H2O → ˙OH + H2) in the homogeneous chemical stage of radiolysis. These results may have important implications for proposed Generation-IV SCW-cooled reactors for the control and management of water chemistry and for the maintenance of the structural integrity of materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".