Urbach-edge-assisted electro-absorption for enhanced free-space optical modulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, we introduce an electro-absorption (EA)-based retro-modulator for effective realization of free-space optical communications via passive downlinks. Demands for deep modulation and broad directionality in such links are met by its corner-cube assembly of EA-modulators. The EA-modulators use semi-insulating InP as its band edge absorption exhibits an Urbach tail near the 980-nm wavelength of the laser light. This enables Urbach-edge-assisted EA, which allows the field-induced absorption to be optimized via temperature. The theory, from a uniting of the Einstein model and Franz-Keldysh effect, and experiments, from a prototype, show good agreement with deep (greater than 15%) modulation depths. Such functionality can meet the key demands of emerging free-space optical communication links.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".