Antiproliferative Effects of Roylea cinerea (D. Don) Baillon Leaves in Immortalized L6 Rat Skeletal Muscle Cell Line: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated Pathway
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Roylea cinerea (D. Don) Baill. (Lamiaceae) is an indigenous plant of Western Himalayas, and has been used by the native population for the treatment of various diseases such as fever, malaria, diabetes, jaundice, and skin ailments etc. However, limited proportion of pharmacological and toxicological information is available on the bioactive properties of this plant. Therefore, the present study was designed to explore the anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative activities Roylea cinerea. Methanolic extracts of leaves and stem of Roylea cinerea were prepared through maceration procedure and evaluated for the antioxidant activity using hydrogen/electron donating and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. Significant antioxidant activity was observed for the methanolic extract of leaves in DPPH (EC50 239 µg/mL), molybdate ion reduction assay (29.73 µg ascorbic acid equivalent/mg dry weight of extract) as well as in plasmid nicking assay. Anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity in L6 rat skeletal muscle cell line was done using in vitro assays, i.e. MTT, Lactate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial membrane potential assay along with phase contrast, confocal and scanning electron microscopy. The methanol extract of leaves and stem inhibited the growth of L6 cells with IC50 value of 69.41µg/mL and 124.93 µg/mL ,respectively, and the lactate dehydrogenase activity was 20.29 % and 0.3%, respectively. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry exhibited the arrest of cells in G1 and sub-G1 phase by methanolic leaves extract. Furthermore, the results of microscopic and docking analysis strengthened the observation made in the present study regarding the apoptotic mode of cell death in the L6 cell line. The in vitro findings of our studies reveal that the bioactive ingredients present in the methanolic extract of leaves and stem of Roylea cinerea have the anticancer potential. Further in vivo studies are needed to verify the in vitro results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".