Étude des propriétés physico-mécaniques d’un béton hydraulique contenant des cendres de coques d’anacarde de tailles micrométriques et nanométriques substituant partiellement le ciment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of waste as an alternative resource is an approach to reduce pressure on natural resources, as well as the environmental iMPacts associated with waste disposal, if recycling is conducted under environmentally friendly conditions. The objective of this study is to determine the conditions for incorporating pyrolysis ash from cashew nuts shells into concrete as a partial replacement for cement. The ashes used were collected from Afonkanta Benin Cashew, one of the plants that processes cashew nuts into almonds. The various ash additions replace the amount of cement added to the concrete, gradually in proportions of 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 15 %, 20 % and 25 % ash. The related physico-mechanical characteristics, namely compressive strength, tensile strength, hydraulic conductivity and subsidence of the concrete over time, have been determined. The physico-mechanical results show that the best characteristics of the hydraulic mixture were obtained with the proportion of 15 % of ash. Indeed, a hydraulic concrete mixture of 15 % ash at 28 days of maturity gives a compressive strength of 51.83 N/mm2, a tensile strength of 13.65 N/mm2, a low hydraulic conductivity value of 3.48 10-17m/s. There is also an average subsidence of 3 mm. L’utilisation de déchets comme ressources alternatives est une approche permettant de réduire les pressions sur les ressources naturelles ainsi que les iMPacts environnementaux liés à l’élimination des déchets, si le recyclage est conduit dans des conditions respectueuses de l’environnement. L’objectif de la présente étude est de déterminer les conditions d’incorporation de cendres de coques d’anacarde en substitution partielle du ciment dans le béton. Les cendres utilisées sont issues des coques d’anacarde collectées à Afonkanta Benin Cashew, une des usines de transformation des noix d’anacarde en amande. Les différents ajouts de cendre se substituent graduellement, à la quantité de ciment additionné au béton, à des proportions de 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 % et 25 % de cendres. Les caractéristiques physico-mécaniques y afférant, à savoir la résistance à la compression, la résistance à la traction, la conductivité hydraulique et l’affaissement du béton dans le temps, ont été déterminées. Les résultats physico-mécaniques montrent que les meilleures caractéristiques du mélange hydraulique ont été obtenues à la proportion de 15 % de cendre. En effet, un mélange de béton hydraulique de 15 % de cendre à 28 jours de maturité donne une résistance à la compression de 51,83 N/mm2, une résistance à la traction de 13,65 N/mm2 et une faible valeur de conductivité hydraulique de 3,48 10-17 m/s. Il est aussi observé un affaissement moyen de 3 mm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".