SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF EPIDEMIC DISEASES OF FARM ANIMALS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Based on desk research and literature review, the paper identifies the effects of farm animal disease outbreaks from the economic perspective. It provides a brief overview of broad impacts of trans-boundary animal diseases such as Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) on the economy and society. It also presents a synthetic summary of the results of several studies dealing with the assessment and estimation of the costs of BSE and FMD epidemics in selected countries. The two epidemics were costly, both in monetary and non-monetary terms. Assessed direct and indirect economic losses were equivalent to several billion US dollars or euro in the countries under consideration. The economies depending on the export of live animals and meat products (e.g. the UK and Canada) were particularly affected. The economic welfare losses from hypothetical FMD outbreak in the USA could exceed a hundred billion US dollars. From the political perspective, government-run policies aimed at controlling and eradicating dangerous animal diseases seem to find the justification primarily in economic rationality or international competitiveness arguments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".