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Record W3012297703 · doi:10.3389/fnut.2020.00015

Dairy and Fruit Listed as Main Ingredients Improve NRF8.3 Nutrient Density Scores of Children's Snacks

2020· article· en· W3012297703 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Adam Drewnowski, Céline Richonnet

Bibliographic record

VenueFrontiers in Nutrition · 2020
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicObesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsNutrientNutrient densityEnvironmental healthFood scienceBusinessEnvironmental scienceAgricultural scienceAgricultural economicsToxicologyMedicineBiologyEconomics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Background: The US Food and Drug Administration has modified its regulations on nutrient content claims by considering healthy dietary ingredients as well as nutrients. Objective: To assess the relation between dairy and fruit as main ingredients in children’s snacks and the Nutrient Rich Food (NRF8.3) nutrient density score. Methods: Commonly consumed children’s snacks in the United States, Canada, France, and the United Kingdom (n=261) were assigned into USDA What We Eat in America (WWEI) categories. Nutrient composition data came from industry websites, open-source government databases (USDA Standard Reference SR28; CIQUAL), and back-of-pack food labels. Nutrient density was calculated using the Nutrient Rich Food Index NRF8.3. Snacks with dairy or fruit as the first listed ingredient (n=115) were compared to those that listed neither (n=146). Snacks that contained fruits-vegetables-nuts (FVN) (n=88) were compared to those that did not (n=173). Results: NRF8.3 scores were higher for snacks listing dairy or fruit as main ingredients. Dairy or fruit when listed as the first ingredient were associated with higher percent daily values of protein, fiber, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin D, lower saturated fat content and a 30-point increment in NRF8.3 scores. The presence of FVN was associated with a 22-point increment in NRF8.3 scores. Conclusion: The correspondence between back-of-pack food ingredients and the nutrient based NRF8.3 scores suggests that ingredients can also be used to communicate the nutritional value of foods to the consumer. Dairy and fruit, when listed as first ingredients, were an important component of the NRF8.3 nutrient density score.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.073
Threshold uncertainty score0.759

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.008
GPT teacher head0.231
Teacher spread0.223 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations11
Published2020
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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