Genetic and morphological approach to reappraising species validity in two different <i>Anagyrus</i> wasps (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) attracted by cyclolavandulyl butyrate
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Members of the genus Anagyrus are primary endoparasitoids of mealybugs and thus include potentially important biological control agents of mealybug pests. We have previously discovered that an analogous compound of a mealybug pheromone, cyclolavandulyl butyrate (CLB), strongly attracts Anagyrus sawadai Ishii and can enhance the foraging activity of this wasp in CLB‐treated orchards. In the present study, we found two groups of Anagyrus parasitoids that differed in color were attracted to CLB. One was A. sawadai and the other type was morphologically identified as A . subalbipes Ishii, which had been considered to be synonymous with A. sawadai . We suspected these two color populations of Anagyrus must be independent species because of their different emergence patterns in the field. Our morphological and molecular analyses supported this idea. We confirmed morphologically diagnostic features to distinguish the two species. Furthermore, molecular phylogenetic analysis based on COI sequences revealed that A. sawadai and A . subalbipes were placed in entirely different clusters. These findings not only offered new insight into the taxonomy and phylogeny of Anagyrus spp. but also provided critical knowledge for the use of these indigenous natural enemies for biological control of mealybugs in agricultural fields.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it