Improved phase change properties in layered Sc <sub>x</sub> In <sub>2−x</sub> Se <sub>3</sub> for multilevel information storage
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Phase change random access memory stores information by utilizing large resistance differences between crystalline and amorphous states of phase change materials (PCM). It would be highly advantageous to realize multilevel devices with single PCM system in nanoscale to improve memory capacity and reduce power consumption. Experimental results verify the possibility of multilevel phase change in two dimensional In 2 Se 3 thin layers with two stable single crystal phases (α and β). Here, we report, the phase change properties of layered In 2 Se 3 can be greatly improved by substitutional doping with Sc atoms based on first-principle calculations together with semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory. The lattice thermal conductivity <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>κ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> of both α- and β-Sc x In 2−x Se 3 are lower than that of the undoped models in the temperature range from 300 K to 700 K. Particularly, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>κ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> of β-Sc 0.167 In 1.833 Se 3 at 300 K is 0.53 W m −1 K −1 , which is reduced by 60% compared to β-In 2 Se 3 . The out-of-plane electrical conductivities also show a significant decrease after Sc doping. These results indicate better performance of Sc-doped In 2 Se 3 PCM with minimized thermal crosstalk and lower RESET current. Moreover, we found the resistance difference between α and β phase can become 1–2 orders of magnitude larger in Sc 0.167 In 1.833 Se 3 , which is beneficial for the multilevel programming. The phase change process from α-In 2 Se 3 to its β phase with different Sc doping sites are calculated by ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that with the introduction of Sc atoms in tetrahedral sites, phase change speed can be significantly increased. Our studies shed light on the modification of phase change properties of layered In 2 Se 3 with rare earth doping.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it