Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivatives Functionalized with N‐Annulated PDI and Se‐Annulated PDI by Direct (Hetero)Arylation Methods
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We report on the synthesis of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivatives functionalized with N‐annulated and Se‐annulated perylene diimide (NPDI and SePDI, respectively) via direct (hetero)arylation methods. DPP is symmetrically bifunctionalized with SePDI (SePDI−DPP−SePDI) and unsymmetrically functionalized with SePDI and NPDI (SePDI−DPP−NPDI). The effects of Se substitution compared to N substitution on physical, electrochemical, and optical properties are investigated along with performance as non‐fullerene acceptors in photovoltaic devices. It is found that Se substitution increases the electron affinity of the π‐conjugated molecule and blue shifts the optical absorption spectra, observations that were supported by computational analysis. Steric strain between the PDI endcap and DPP core prevent complete electronic communication along the π‐conjugated backbone and results in the unsymmetrical compound, SePDI−DPP−NPDI, having electronic and optical properties that are a linear combination of both the symmetrical SePDI and NPDI based compounds. The SePDI−DPP−NPDI compound has a distinct melt observed at 343 °C and organic photovoltaic devices based on this compound had lower than expected open‐circuit voltages, suggesting a unique solid‐state packing arrangement. SePDI‐based compounds performed worse than the NPDI‐based compound in organic photovoltaic devices using the donor polymer PTB7‐Th.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".