Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy for the Comprehensive Treatment of Oligometastatic Cancers: Long-Term Results of the SABR-COMET Phase II Randomized Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Purpose The oligometastatic paradigm hypothesizes that patients with a limited number of metastases may achieve long-term disease control, or even cure, if all sites of disease can be ablated. However, long-term randomized data testing this paradigm are lacking. Methods We enrolled patients with a controlled primary malignancy and 1-5 metastatic lesions, with all metastases amenable to stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR). We stratified by the number of metastases (1-3 vs. 4-5) and randomized in a 1:2 ratio between palliative standard of care (SOC) treatments (Arm 1) vs. SOC plus SABR (Arm 2). We employed a randomized phase II screening design with a primary endpoint of overall survival (OS), using an alpha of 0.20 (wherein a p-value <0.20 indicates a positive trial). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), toxicity, and quality of life (QOL). Herein we present long-term outcomes from the trial. Results Between 2012 and 2016, 99 patients were randomized (33 in Arm 1, 66 in Arm 2) at 10 centres internationally. Median age was 68 (range 43-89) and the majority (n=59; 60%) were male. The most common primary tumor types were breast (n=18), lung (n=18), colorectal (n=18), and prostate (n=16). Median follow-up was 51 months. Five-year OS was 17.7% in Arm 1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6-34%) vs. 42.3% in Arm 2 (95% CI: 28-56%; stratified log-rank p=0.006). Five-year PFS was ‘not reached’ in Arm 1 (3.2% [95% CI: 0-14%] at 4-years with last patient censored) and was 17.3% (95% CI: 8-30%) in Arm 2 (p=0.001). There were no new grade 2-5 adverse events and no differences in QOL between arms. Conclusions With extended follow-up, the impact of SABR on OS was larger in magnitude than in the initial analysis, and durable over time. There were no new safety signals, and SABR had no detrimental impact on QOL. ( NCT01446744 ) Funding Ontario Institute for Cancer Research and London Regional Cancer Program Catalyst Grant
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".