On BER of Fixed-Scale MIMO Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) has huge potential for its high speed, low latency and reliable security. However, besides the channel impairments such as absorption and scattering, dynamic ocean environments can also degrade the system performance and even incur link interruptions. In this paper, we propose a 4 × 4 fixed-scale multiple-input multiple-output UWOC system to remove the impediment of link misalignment. The system employs two collimated lens to perform a mapping from each source to associated photodetector. The bit-error rate expression is also derived to evaluate the system performance. Numerical simulations illustrate that the absorption and scattering induced path loss can be alleviated by this system when the scattering angles are relatively small and the communication range is moderate. Furthermore, the system diminishes the sensitivity of underwater vehicles to dynamic ocean environments. By taking the window truncation effect into consideration, we quantify the enhancement of system robustness to link misalignment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".