Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thick-billed and common murres are migratory seabirds that breed in colonies in the North Pacific and North Atlantic oceans. Despite these sister species diverging 6.5 million years ago, they have been found to hybridize. In this study, hybridization between thick-billed and common murres was investigated in 15 Atlantic colonies of murres. Some colonies were single species colonies, and at other colonies both species breeds. DNA from wing samples collected from the annual murre hunt in Newfoundland and Labrador was also analyzed. Restriction-site associated DNA sequencing was performed on the samples, identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms throughout the genome. The program STACKS was used to identify and genotype loci. Software such as STRUCTURE was used to investigate admixture between the two populations. 32 of 166 common murres and 26 of 188 thick-billed murres were identified as hybrids. This totaled to 16% of the samples, a higher proportion of hybrid murres than found in previous studies of Pacific colonies. Interestingly, a significantly larger proportion of hunted than non-hunted birds were identified as hybrids. Furthermore, hybrid individuals were found at both shared colonies, and those where only one species breeds. As top predators that are threatened by human-mediated activities such as hunting and oil pollution, and that may be vulnerable to climate change, research into the hybridization of murres has numerous conservation implications. Currently, there is uncertainty of the impact hybridization will have on the murre populations, and research into the rate and trends of hybridization is of importance.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".