Identifying Change Targets for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Suicidal and Self‐Injuring Women With Borderline Personality Disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Research on psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is increasingly focused on understanding not only which treatments work but why and for whom they work. The present pilot study evaluated the temporal relations between five hypothesized change targets—posttraumatic cognitions, guilt, shame, general emotion dysregulation, and experiential avoidance—and PTSD severity among women with PTSD, borderline personality disorder, and recent suicidal and/or self‐injurious behaviors. Participants ( N = 26) were randomized to receive 1 year of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) with or without the DBT prolonged exposure (DBT PE) protocol for PTSD. Potential change targets and PTSD were assessed at 4‐month intervals during treatment and at 3‐month posttreatment follow‐up. Time‐lagged mixed‐effects models indicated that between‐person differences in all change targets except guilt were associated with more severe PTSD, η 2 s = .32–.55, and, except for general emotion dysregulation, slowed the rate of change in PTSD severity over time, η 2 s = .20–.39. In DBT but not in DBT + DBT PE, individuals with higher levels of guilt and experiential avoidance relative to their own average had more severe PTSD at the next assessment point, η 2 s = .12–.25. The associations between the proposed change targets and PTSD severity were not bidirectional, except for general emotion dysregulation, η 2 = .50; and posttraumatic cognitions, η 2 = .06. These preliminary findings suggest that trauma‐related cognitions, shame, and guilt, as well as problems regulating them, may be important change targets for improving PTSD in this patient population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".