Temporary hearing threshold shift in harbor seals (<i>Phoca vitulina</i>) due to a one-sixth-octave noise band centered at 32 kHz
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two female harbor seals were exposed for 60 min to a continuous one-sixth-octave noise band centered at 32 kHz at sound pressure levels of 92 to 152 dB re 1 μPa, resulting in sound exposure levels (SELs) of 128 to 188 dB re 1 μPa2s. This was part of a larger project determining frequency-dependent susceptibility to temporary threshold shift (TTS) in harbor seals over their entire hearing range. After exposure, TTSs were quantified at 32, 45, and 63 kHz with a psychoacoustic technique. At 32 kHz, only small TTSs (up to 5.9 dB) were measured 1–4 min (TTS1–4) after exposure, and recovery was within 1 h. The higher the SEL, the higher the TTS induced at 45 kHz. Below ∼176 dB re 1 μPa2s, the maximum TTS1–4 was at 32 kHz; above ∼176 dB re 1 μPa2s, the maximum TTS1–4 (up to 33.8 dB) was at 45 kHz. During one particular session, a seal was inadvertently exposed to an SEL of ∼191 dB re 1 μPa2s and at 45 kHz, her TTS1–4 was >45 dB; her hearing recovered over 4 days. Harbor seals appear to be equally susceptible to TTS caused by sounds in the 2.5–32 kHz range.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".