Wideband third‐order single‐transistor all‐pass filter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary In this letter, a third‐order wideband voltage‐mode all‐pass filter (APF) is proposed for application as a true time delay (TTD) cell. The advantages of designing a single‐stage higher order filter over cascading several lower order stages are illustrated. The proposed APF circuit is based on a single metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) transistor and is canonical because it requires one resistor, one inductor, and two capacitors. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first single‐transistor third‐order APF circuit to be reported in the literature. The operation of the proposed APF is validated through post‐layout simulations in a 65‐nm CMOS technology. The simulation results demonstrate a group delay of 59.4 ps across a 13.2‐GHz bandwidth with a maximum delay‐bandwidth product of 0.783, while consuming only 3.54mW from a 1‐V supply voltage. Moreover, the designed circuit achieves an input‐referred IP3 of 19.95 dBm and occupies an area of 161.5 μ m × 204.8 μ m.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".