Innovative Policy Supports For Integrated Health And Social Care Programs In High-Income Countries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As high-income countries face the challenge of providing better and more efficient integrated health and social care to high-needs and high-cost populations, they may require innovative policy supports at both the national and local levels. We categorized policy supports into four areas: governance and partnerships; workforce and staffing; financing and payment; and data sharing and use. Our structured survey of thirty integrated health and social care programs in high-income countries in 2018 found that the majority of programs had policy supports in two or more areas, with supports for governance and partnerships and for workforce and staffing being the most common. Financing and payment and data sharing and use were less common. Local partnerships empowered integration across sectors, and new staff roles that spanned health and social care embedded this integration in care delivery. National policies-including bundled financing and investment in data-enabled integration and cross-sector accountability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.026 | 0.034 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.013 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".