Robust Subthreshold CMOS Voltage-Controlled Frequency Synthesizer for Wireless Dosimeter Application
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Detailed study of MOSFET behavior in the subthreshold region of operation is conducted with the 0.13 µm CMOS IBM technology.High sensitivity of subthreshold CMOS circuits to process variations is addressed.Two body-biasing circuits for stabilizing the subthreshold current of n-channel (NMOS) and p-channel (PMOS) devices are introduced.These stabilization schemes are applied to a voltage-controlled frequency synthesizer (VCFS) operating in the subthreshold region to design a robust, high resolution and ultralow power (ULP) signal processing unit (SPU).The intended application is a wireless dosimeter, which converts radiation doses in the range of -900 mV to 0 to pulses with varying frequencies.Simulation results show a linear frequency vs. sensitivity response, generating pulses with 50% duty cycle for all inputs.The SPU yields a maximum error of 210 mV or 24% (6 Gy), minimum resolution of 15 KHz/Gy, minimum bandwidth of 805 KHz and maximum power consumption of 1.72 µW.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".