THE LAW ON BUSINESS JUDGMENT RULE IN MALAYSIA: A REVIEW
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Directors are responsible for managing and directing the business and affairs of the company and often face difficult situations to decide. Under the business judgment rule (BJR), the officers and directors of a company are immune from liability to the company for losses incurred in corporate transactions within their authority, so long as the transactions are made for proper purpose and in good faith; no material personal interest; is informed about subject matter; and for the best purpose of the company. The objectives of this paper is to examine the law relating to BJR in Malaysia. In achieving the objectives, pure legal research which involved library research has been conducted. Where necessary, special reference has also been made with the law in United States, Canada and Australia on the BJR. The finding shows that the law regarding BJR in Malaysia has been provided in the Companies Act 2016 which is quite similar with the law in Australia. This article concludes that four conditions as stated in section 214 of the Companies Act 2016 must be fulfilled by the directors before BJR can be used to defend their decision making.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it