Isolate Neoscytalidium dimidiatum fungal pathogens from pytaya (Hylocereus undatus) and research controlling by microorganisms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent years, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum has caused severe white spot disease in Pytaya, while no effective controls have been taken. In this study, two strains of N. dimidiatum NdGV and NdBT were obtained by isolation on water agar medium containing streptomycin, morphological tests, in vitro and in vivo pathogenical tests, and molecular biology tests by sequencing the genes ITS1 and ITS4. By using dual culture technique on potato-glucose agar medium, 100% of Trichoderma spp., 75% of Bacillus spp. and 20% of Streptomyces spp. were able to antagonize N. dimidiatum. The mean antagonistic effect with N. dimidiatum of Trichoderma spp. was higher than Bacillus spp. and the lowest was Streptomyces spp. 56.8%, 55.3% and 54.3% respectively. Especially 5 strains Trichoderma sp. 8.3.5, 8.3.7, 8.3.14, 8.3.19, and 8.3.20 had antagonistic effects of over 60%. The application potential of the 5 selected Trichoderma strains to control N. dimidiatum disease was further strengthened when their antagonistic effect was relatively stable on Pitaya juice agar medium while all Bacillus sp. and Streptomyces sp. were lost the ability to antagonize. It was noteworthy that four of the five strains of Trichoderma sp. were highly compatible, suggesting further studies are needed to apply their combined potency in enhancing the control of N. dimidiatum NdBT and NdGV on Pitaya.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".