Population Densities of Pest Aphids and their Associated Natural Enemies on Faba Bean in Kafr EL–Sheikh, Egypt
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Population dynamics of insect pests are complex and are dependent on various biotic and abiotic factors. Understanding pest population dynamics and factors affecting them is important for predicting pest outbreaks and constructing the management strategy. Aphids are among the major pest groups in bean crops and aphid outbreaks can frequently occur when the management is inappropriate. In the present study, we examined the population fluctuation and abundance of aphid species and their associated predators and parasitoids in faba bean fields during 2016/17 and 2017/18 seasons in Kafr EL-Shiekh, Egypt. Among four pest aphids detected, Aphis craccivora was the most dominant, followed by Acyrthosiphon pisum while Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae were found in low densities throughout the season. Although A. craccivora was detected throughout the growing season, the density is notably high in the early growth stage of faba bean. Among the predators, Chrysoperla carnea and true spiders (Singa sp. and Dictyna sp. were most abundant, followed by Coccinella undecimpunctata. The other common predators were Scymnus spp., Paederous alfierii, and Orius sp. A. craccivora was found to be parasitized by the parasitoid Aphidius spp., and the percentages of parasitism were high in the beginning of growth season then declined to zero before the middle of the season. The importance of pest aphids and their natural enemies in faba bean fields was discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".