Latitudinal gradients and ecological drivers of β‐diversity vary across spatial scales in a temperate forest region
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Aim Our understanding of the mechanisms driving β‐diversity is still rather rudimentary. This study evaluates the influences of environmental filtering versus spatial scale of regional communities on β‐diversity across latitudes. Location North‐eastern China. Methods The β‐diversity was calculated in each regional community. The spatial extent of these “regional communities”, which included five or 10 plots, was ≤ 140 km. A random assembly null model was used to assess the effects of species abundance distribution on the β‐diversity. Moreover, the deviation of observed β‐diversity from a null model (called β‐deviation) was also assessed. The variations of the β values were partitioned into environmental, latitudinal and their joint effects. Results The observed β‐diversity declined with increasing latitude, although the β‐deviations showed a non‐monotonic pattern as the latitude increased at two studied scales. All the regional communities consisting of five or 10 local plots exhibited significantly positive β‐deviations. The total amount of variation in β‐deviations explained by environmental and latitudinal variables increased dramatically with increasing scale. A significant pure environmental effect was observed at both scales, explaining 30% of the variation in β‐deviation for regional communities consisting of five local plots and 58.7% for regional communities consisting of 10 local plots. The spatial variation in precipitation primarily accounted for the β‐gradient. Main conclusions This is one of the few multiscale analyses to investigate latitudinal patterns and driving mechanisms of tree β‐diversity in temperate forests. The β‐deviation showed a similar trend of change with latitude, but the variation of β‐deviation explained by the environments and latitude was highly dependent on the scale of regional communities studied. Environmental filtering and the spatial scale of regional communities jointly accounted for the β‐gradient, with environmental filtering appearing to determine the high variation of species turnover along the latitudinal gradient.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".