The Influence of Lithospheric Mantle Scars and Rheology on Intraplate Deformation and Orogenesis: Insights From Tectonic Analog Models
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Structural heterogeneities in the deep lithosphere have been identified as an important factor in crustal tectonics, particularly where inherited deep zones of weakness may initiate orogenesis in continent interiors. Aside from structural heterogeneity, the rheological strength of the lithosphere may also have a primary role affecting the kinematics of deformation in the lithosphere. To investigate the interplay of rheology and preexisting structures, we designed a set of physical scaled analog experiments for a convergent setting that tests (a) the presence and absence of a preexisting weak zone in the lithospheric mantle and (b) the effects of the rheological strength of the lithospheric mantle. Tectonic evolution of the model is recorded to acquire a time series data set of the velocity field and subsequently strain in the model. Results show that a weak zone in the lithospheric mantle allows deformation to be accommodated by displacement along this zone and into the overlying lower and upper crust, regardless of lithosphere strength. In contrast, a model absent of a weak zone accommodates deformation by folding and thickening of the viscous layers. The viscous lithosphere in models with a strong lithospheric mantle tends to buckle creating a sequence of brittle faulting in the upper crust. Specifically, the rheology of the lithosphere dictates the distribution of strain. Our results are considered in the context of the formation of the Eurekan fold and thrust belts in an intraplate setting on Ellesmere Island, where deformation may be related to the influence of deep lithosphere structure(s) and deep lithosphere strength.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it