Owner approaches and attitudes to the problem of lead-pulling behaviour in pet-dogs.
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aims to describe approaches and attitudes of UK and Ireland pet-dog owners to lead-pulling prevention and modification. <br/>In February/March 2019, UK and Ireland pet-dog owners, aged over 18, were recruited online, via dog-related and non-dog-related Facebook pages. Respondents completed a four-part questionnaire, exploring owner/dog demographics, walking practices, training and attitudes to lead-pulling, for one dog, owned for over thirty days. A data subset from a broader analysis of lead-pulling and pet-dog welfare, is presented herein. <br/>Of 2,531 respondents, 82.7% (n=2,092) of dogs pulled on lead. Over the 30-day study period, 32.1% of dogs that pulled were walked for ≤ 30 minutes daily and 18.2% were not walked every day. Although equipment to prevent pulling was popular [back-connection harnesses (43.1%), head-collars (7.4%) and front-connection harnesses (11.2%)], flat-collars were the most frequent equipment choice (59%).<br/>Of dogs that pulled, 63% had attended training classes, [puppy classes (21%), other classes (13.3%), multiple classes (28.7%)]; 85.3% of which included loose-lead exercises. (Of all the owners who answered) Owners favoured reward-based training for lead-pulling modification [i.e. praise (91.2%), food (72%)]; which was also deemed most successful. Nevertheless, aversives [i.e. pulling back on-lead (33%), lead corrections (16.4%)] were common and 25% of owners considered these Very/Extremely successful. Owners believed lead-pulling dogs want to take charge (21.7%), need stronger pack leaders (17.6%), will grow out of it (13.5%), are dominant (11.5%) or stubborn (11.5%). This study suggests that while humane methods of lead-pulling prevention and modification are being adopted, aversives are still commonplace. Furthermore, misconceptions regarding dog’s motivations for lead-pulling persist. <br/>
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it