Hollow MoS<sub>3</sub> Nanospheres as Electrode Material for “Water‐in‐Salt” Li–Ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The use of “water‐in‐salt” electrolyte (WISE) (i. e., a highly concentrated aqueous solution) in rechargeable batteries has received increasing attention due to the significantly expanded electrochemical window compared to the limited voltage of conventional aqueous electrolytes. It enables the use of more positive/negative electrode material couples in aqueous batteries, resulting in an enhanced output voltage. However, one of the challenges is to identify promising anode materials for the “water‐in‐salt” Li‐ion batteries (WIS‐LIBs). Herein we for the first time demonstrate that MoS 3 , an amorphous chain‐like structured transitional metal trichalcogenide, is promising as anode in the WIS‐LIBs. In this work, hollow MoS 3 nanospheres were synthesized via a scalable room‐temperature acid precipitation method. When applied in WIS‐LIBs, the prepared MoS 3 achieved a high specific capacity of 127 mAh/g at the current density of 0.1 A/g and good stability over 1000 cycles. During operation, MoS 3 underwent irreversible conversion to Li 2 MoO 4 (with H 2 S and H 2 evolution) during the initial Li ion uptake, and was then converted gradually to a more stable and reversible Li x MoO y (2≤ y ≤4)) phase along cycling. Amorphous Li‐deficient Li x ‐ m MoO y /MoO z was formed upon delithiation. Nevertheless, MoS 3 outperformed MoO 3 in WIS‐LIBs, which could be accredited to its initial one‐dimensional molecular structure and the amorphous nature of the delithiated product facilitating charge transport. These results demonstrated a novel routine for synthesizing metal sulfides with hollow structures using a template‐based method and push forward the development of metal sulfides for aqueous energy storage applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".