Dietary Boron Deprivation Reduces Heligmosomoides bakeri (Nematoda) Survival and Alters Cytokine Profile but Infection Modifies Liver Minerals in Mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To assess if dietary boron (B) deprivation would alter (1) survival or reproduction of H bakeri (Nematoda), (2) the cytokine response to this parasitic infection, and/or (2) liver mineral concentrations in the infected host, Balb/c mice were fed a B deficient (0.1 μg B/g diet), marginal (2.0 μg B/g) or control (12.0 μg B/g) diet beginning 3 wk before a primary infection. Mice were killed 6 d post primary (P6), dewormed, then reinfected with a challenge infection and killed on C14 and C21. Dietary B restriction impaired parasite survival, reduced intestinal inflammation and modulated a broad range of cytokines/chemokines, despite similar liver [B] among diet groups. Cytokine production was reduced in B deficient mice at P6, but elevated at C21. Duration of infection, but not diet, influenced nutritional status indicators: serum alkaline phosphatase was highest at P6 vs C14 and C21, and liver Zn, Fe and B were higher at C14 vs C21 whereas Na, P, K, Mo, Cr and S were lower at C14 when worm numbers were highest. In summary, our findings show that dietary B restriction impairs nematode survival, thus providing the first evidence that dietary B is required by the nematode or by the intestinal bacteria on which it feeds. Finally, our cytokine array results suggest that the role for B in regulating cytokine production during infection appears much broader than previously described. (Supported by NSERC, FQRNT)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".