Investigation of the Horizontal Motion of Particle-Laden Jets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Particle-laden jet flows can be observed in many industrial applications. In this investigation, the horizontal motion of particle laden jets is simulated using the Eulerian–Lagrangian framework. The two-way coupling is applied to the model to simulate the interaction between discrete and continuum phase. In order to track the continuum phase, a passive scalar equation is added to the solver. Eddy Life Time (ELT) is employed as a dispersion model. The influences of different non-dimensional parameters, such as Stokes number, Jet Reynolds number and mass loading ratio on the flow characteristics, are studied. The results of the simulations are verified with the available experimental data. It is revealed that more gravitational force is exerted on the jet as a result of the increase in mass loading, which deflects it more. Moreover, with an increase in the Reynolds number, the speed of the jet rises, and consequently, the gravitational force becomes less capable of deviating the jet. In addition, it is observed that by increasing the Stokes number, the particles leave the jet at higher speed, which causes a lower deviation of the jet.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".