Development of a high efficient NH3/CO2 refrigeration system.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Environmental problems such as ozone layer depletion and global warming are widely known as global issues. The Montreal Protocol totally prohibits use of HCFC from 2020 and Kigali revision of the protocol calls for gradual reduction of use of HFC by 85% towards 2036. In the industrial refrigeration, HCFC-22 refrigerant has been used for many years and HFC refrigerants are widely used as alternatives, however, conversion to refrigerants with less environmental impact is urgently required. Mayekawa developed and introduced a highly efficient refrigeration system called ‘NewTon’, applying the natural refrigerants ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) as the primary and secondary refrigerants. The refrigeration system demonstrates a high energy saving compared to systems with traditional working fluids and in addition its direct environmental impact can be neglected since only natural working fluids are applied. These kind of units are widely used in freezing- and cold storage applications. In this work, the specific features of the ‘NewTon’ unit are described and energy consumptions are compared with historical demands of the systems, which have been replaced.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".