Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly for Surface Tethering of Thin‐Hydrogel Films: Design Strategies and Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Manipulation and engineering of the surfaces has a key role in improving the materials properties. Anchoring of thin hydrogels on the materials surface is one of the recently developed methods to achieve surfaces with high potential applications. Layer-by-layer (LBL) has been used widely as a strong strategy for immobilization of thin hydrogel films on the surface of various organic/inorganic substrates. Electrostatic LBL and covalent LBL are two main strategies used in this regard. In electrostatic LBL, negatively and positively hydrophilic polymers are sequentially assembled to create a multilayer hydrogel which subsequent covalent crosslinking of multilayers improved the stability of the inserted layers. On the other hand, covalent LBL requires hydrophilic polymers bearing reactive telechelic groups. These reactive polymers are prepared by various polymerization techniques or by post-functionalization of biopolymers. The principles of hydrogel anchoring have described along with representative examples. Besides, the potential applications of the modified surfaces in specific cases have been addressed and overviewed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".