"A desire to look respectable in the eyes of strangers": The Victorian Press and the Figure of the Stranger at the Great Exhibition of 1851
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article examines how the press's descriptions of the figure of the stranger challenged the official rhetoric of the Great Exhibition's governing body. The Great Exhibition was a key moment for developing the stranger as an epistemological framework predicated on knowing the self through experiencing the other. While this approach includes prejudiced, fearful reactions and the imperialist attitude of superiority, it also reflects the Victorians' growing awareness that the stranger was a necessary part of forming individual and national identity and, moreover, that identity is fluid rather than stable. The strange other, whether made different by class, race, or some other category, became a part of many Londoners' lived reality during the months of the Great Exhibition. This article describes the growing power of the press to direct public opinion and then analyzes periodical references to strangers at the Great Exhibition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".