Bidirectional Magnetic Polymer Membrane Actuators Integrated into Thermoplastic Microfluidics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present the design, fabrication and characterization of flexible permanently-magnetized polymer actuators that exhibit strong bidirectional deflection when excited by very low magnetic fields (19–110 mT). The actuators have high stroke volume ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$0.5-7.4\ \mu \mathrm{L}$</tex> of water) and simple fabrication which is suitable for microfluidic routing components (e.g., valves, pumps). A new hybrid PMMA/magnetic polymer fabrication process is developed to integrate the actuators with commercial thermoplastic microfluidics. Unlike previous magnetic membrane actuators, our actuators: 1) are tested by showing displacement of water, rather than displacement in air; 2) are integrated with thermoplastic microfluidic structures using a simple batch process; and 3) are permanently-magnetized, showing high stroke bidirectional displacement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".