Hedgehog signaling pathway regulates gene expression profile of epididymal principal cells through the primary cilium
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Primary cilia (PC) are organelles that sense and respond to dynamic changes of the extracellular milieu through the regulation of target genes. By using the epididymis as a model system, we determined the contribution of primary cilia in the regulation of epithelial cell functions through the transduction of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. Both Sonic (SHH) and Indian Hedgehog (IHH) ligands were detected in epididymal epithelial cells by confocal microscopy and found secreted in the extracellular space. Gene expression profiling preformed on ciliated epithelial cells indicated that 153 and 1052 genes were differentially expressed following treatment with the Hh agonist SAG or the Hh antagonist cyclopamine (Cyclo), respectively. Strikingly, gene ontology analysis indicated that genes associated with immune response were the most affected following Hh modulation. The contribution of epididymal PC to canonical Hh pathway transduction was validated by ciliobrevin D treatment, which induced a significant decrease in PC length and a reduction in the expression Hh signaling targets. Such findings bring us closer to a molecular understanding of the subtle immune balance observed in some epithelia, including the epididymis and the intestine, which are organs featuring both tolerance toward autoimmune spermatozoa (or commensal bacteria) and defense against pathogens.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".