MIMO-Software Defined Radio based GPR System for Land Mine Detection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) coherent transmit and receive Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) system, totally software-defined, is presented. all its Tx/Rx parameters can be controlled by the software along with signal processing capability of digitized signals. The system is capable of transmitting and receiving signals over the band of 450 MHz to 6 GHz. To cover this wide band range of frequencies, Three Log Periodic Directive Antennas (LPDA`s) ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas are designed, fabricated and tested. These antennas can be switched using microwave switches. A software-defined and computer-controlled 8-inputs and 32-outputs antenna switching matrix is realized using 1×4 microwave switches. The proposed system can be considered as a non-invasive sensor to detect and image underground targets for various applications that includes detection of land mines, tunnels, bunkers, utility pipes and exploration of natural resources like oil, gas, etc.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".